Social,
Environmental & Economic Sustainability
Our analysis of the rank of the district
Narmada District : VoiceOfBharat.org Analysis
Backwardness : 38
Sex Ratio Rank : 342 (Rank one is least sex ratio - Cenus 2001)
HIV Category District : C (HIV Sentinel Surveillance 2004 - 2006)
Disability : 509 (Census 2001)
Literacy Ratio : 375 (Census 2001)
Minority : Does not figure in MCD
Water : Flouride in Groundwater above permissible limits
Challenges of the district : Our research with local communities
Narmada is a backward district
Unemployment is the biggest problem we face.
We do have schools. Educated people do not have much livelihood
opportunities.
Women are not empowered.
Women literacy is very weak.
Women are not encouraged to study further. People are very obnoxious
in their approach.
People are poor so they do not give much importance to education
and literacy. They are more interested in earning a living.
Brief About Narmada District
NVDA
Narmada Valley Development Authority (NVDA), is an organization
of Govt. of M.P. constituted for planning water resources development
in Narmada basin and expeditious implementation of projects .
NVDA was constituted vide notification No. 501-2-NVDA-XXVII-83
dtd 16-7-1985 was published in Madhya Pradesh Gazette dated 9
Aug' 1985.
The Narmada Valley Development Authority is a
multidisciplinary organization of the State Government and its
head office is at Bhopal. The NVDA shall have jurisdiction over
the major water resources development projects in the Narmada
Basin.
NARMADA BASIN
Narmada is the fifth largest river in India and
largest west flowing river of Indian peninsula originating from
Maikala ranges at Amarkantak in Madhya Pradesh at an elevation
of 900 m . It flows westwards over a length of 1,312 km before
draining into the Gulf of Cambay, 50 km west of Bharuch city.
The basin lies between east longitudes 72° 32 and 81°
45' and north latitudes 21° 20' and 23° 45'. Vindhya hills
in the north, Satpura ranges in the south, Maikala ranges in the
east and the Arabian sea in the west form the boundaries of the
basin. The basin has an elongated shape almost like a thin ribbon
with a maximum length of 953 km east to west and a maximum width
of 234 km north to south. The first 1,077 km of the river flows
in Madhya Pradesh and the next 35 km stretch of the river forms
the boundary between the State of Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.
Again for the next 39 km, it forms the boundary between Maharashtra
and Gujarat. The last stretch of 161 km lies in Gujarat. Out of
the total Catchment area of about 1 Lakh sq. km 87% lies in Madhya
Pradesh, 2% in Maharashtra and 11% in Gujarat.
Narmada River is known as the "Life Line"
of Madhya Pradesh. It originates in Amarkantak, District Shahdol
and of its total length of 1312 up to Arabian Sea, it runs for
about 1112 km in the State of Madhya Pradesh. 87% of Basin lies
in Madhya Pradesh covering the Districts, Shahdol, Balaghat, Rajnandgaon,
Mandla, Seoni, Dindori, Katni, Jabalpur, Damoh, Sagar, Narsinghpur,
Chhindwara, Betul, Hoshangabad, Harda, Raisen, Sehore, Khandwa,
Indore, Dewas , Khargone, Dhar, Jhabua, & Barwani.
The annual utilisable quantity of water of Narmada
at Navagam, in Gujarat, was estimated to be 34.537 million cubic
metre (MCM) 28 million acre feet, at 75% dependability by NWDT.
On full development, the Narmada has a potential of irrigating
over 6 million ha (15 million acres) of land along with a capacity
to generate about 3,000 Mega Watt of hydro electric power.
VISION
The Narmada River in Madhya Pradesh has tremendus
capacity to provide irrigation and to generate power. Besides
Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Rajasthan are other beneficiary
states. Narmada Water Dispute Tribunal vide its award of December
1979 has fixed share of water of each state as under :-
1. Madhya Pradesh 18.25 MAF
2. Gujarat 9.00 MAF
3. Rajasthan 0.50 MAF
4. Maharashtra 0.25 MAF
The allocation is proposed to be reviewed in
the year 2025 and it may be reallocated in case states failed
to utilize there share of water. Keeping in view the above situation
the state Government is determined to develop use of 18.25 MAF
of water by the year 2025. In order to utilize 18.25 MAF of water
allocated to Madhya Pradesh it is planned to construct 29 major,
135 medium and over 3000 minor irrigation projects.
As development of irrigation under major projects
requires of period of 10 to 12 years, it is planned to complete
the 29 major projects by the year 2012 and provide irrigation
to 14 lacs Hectare using 11.36 MAF water. In addition Power Generation
of 3291 MW will also be possible.
OBJECTIVES
The NVDA shall be responsible, in particular for the following
functions:-
to prepare a detailed plan for exploitation
of the water resources of the Narmada river and its tributaries
and to undertake all necessary major engineering works for the
harnessing of the river and its tributaries for the purpose
of irrigation, power, navigation and other development;
to undertake ancillary engineering works for the distribution
of water for irrigation, industrial, domestic and other purposes;
to undertake generation, sale of power in bulk to MPEB and all
necessary engineering works ancillary thereto;
to acquire and manage land in the Narmada Valley for the purpose
of carrying out engineering works, to provide for human resettlements
and the needs for irrigation, flood control and navigation;
to shoulder responsibility of human resettlement and rehabilitation
in respect of projects in the Narmada Valley, to establish towns
and villages and to take all necessary measures to ensure planned
settlement and rehabilitation;
to advise for the proper conservation and development of forests,
wildlife and fisheries in the Narmada Valley;
to set up a designs organization for the projects entrusted
to it;
to undertake operation and maintenance of the projects;
to undertake monitoring and evaluation.
Environment Protection
FLORA, FAUNA AND CARRYING CAPACITY ASPECT
OF SSP
A large number of studies on this aspect had
already been carried out and completed by all three party-States.
After review of the studies by the committee of experts convened
by NCA, the main emphasis was laid on conservation of endangered
species, provision of migratory corridors and improving the carrying
capacity of the surrounding areas. An action Plan on development
of Shoolpaneshwar sanctuary was completed by GOG. Massive afforestation
and soil conservation works were carried out under catchment area
treatment programme and compensatory afforestation schemes of
the State Govts.
Environment Protection
HEALTH ASPECTS OF SSP AND ISP
To review the preparedness of the Plans and to
gear up their implementation, the 2nd meeting on health aspects
was convened on 22nd May 1998 and a detailed geographical reconnaissance
survey to identify the potential breeding areas of vector, was
agreed. Director, Malaria Research Center (M.R.C.) agreed to provide
needed technical inputs to the States on this aspect. Report produced
by Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal on Epidemiological surveillance
was reviewed and it was agreed to incorporate the reference baseline
data in the study reports by the investigators. It was also agreed
to include two impacted villages of M.P. in the National Disease
Surveillance Programme of National Institute of Communicable Diseases.
The phase-II programme of surveillance studies in Maharashtra
by Topiwala National Medical College was approved.
Agriculture Sector
Irrigated agriculture in general, results in
increased crop intensity and irrigation intensity in the command
areas of various irrigation projects. Increased production and
net income to the farmers enable them to go for high input technology
available year after year. In case of Narmada Sagar and Omkareshwar
Projects, the cropping intensity is expected to rise as under
(155 to 193 %) respectively for the whole year.
Growth in irrigated area enables the peasants
to harvest more. Conjunctive use of surface and ground water is
proposed in the proportion of 80:20 to 60:40 to minimise the chances
of water-logging in the command areas. Command Area Development
Programme for above mentioned projects also envisages provision
for on-farm development, agro-industries, regulated markets, warehousing
facilities, irrigated forestry, roads etc.
There is no command area of Sardar Sarovar Project
in Madhya Pradesh. Maheshwar being hydel power generation project,
no irrigation benefits are proposed.
Environment
Protection
FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT AND CONSERVATION
Large
water bodies shall be created as a result of various dams being
constructed on the river Narmada & its tributaries. After
construction of the dams, the fishing pattern will change from
lentic to lotic in the upstream areas. The reservoirs would, therefore,
offer tremendous opportunities for fisheries development which
would ultimately benefit the fishermen socially and economically
in the respective areas. With proper stocking and better management,
it is possible to achieve a production of 40-60 Kg. per ha. in
a period of 20 years.
It is contemplated
to adopt a two tier cooperative structure with primaries at the
base level and Apex/ Federal body at the regional level for the
exploitation of fish from the reservoirs. On full development,
these projects would not only generate employment opportunities
from fish production but employment would also be provided through
different allied occupations viz hatchery management, seed production,
fish marketing, net making, packing of fish, ice factories, boat
operation and also in other ancillary industries like basket making,
pattal making, transport of fish etc. Fishermen would be getting
better remunerations which will ensure increase in their per capita
income.
Pattern
of Fisheries Management in the Reservoirs of Narmada Valley :
The
fisheries conservation and development activities including marketing
of the fish catch will be looked after by M.P. Matsya Mahasangh
(Sahkari) Maryadit the Apex body. The primary fishermen cooperative
societies of the oustees will be given exclusive fishing rights
of the reservoirs.
The
pattern of management adopted in Bargi reservoir in 1994 through
the Fisheries Production and Marketing Cooperative Federation
Ltd. Jabalpur of Oustees of Bargi Project has been discontinued
from September, 1999. The Matsya Mahasangh is looking after the
conservation, development and marketing aspects and other welfare
schemes while the Primary Societies of the oustess are involved
in the fishing operations.
