Social,
Environmental & Economic Sustainability
Our analysis of the rank of the district
Backwardness : 127
Sex Ratio Rank : 341 (Rank one is least sex ratio - Cenus 2001)
HIV Category District : A (HIV Sentinel Surveillance 2004 - 2006)
Disability : 307 (Census 2001)
Literacy Ratio : 356 (Census 2001)
Minority : Yes
Water : Flouride in Groundwater above permissible limits
Challenges of the district : Our research with local communities
Bidar is one of the smallest and most backward districts
of Karnataka in terms of education, livelihood and infrastructure.
It is a drought prone region. The helplessness of farmers due to
crop loss and without an alternative for survival is getting manifested
in the farmer’s suicide which is very high in this district.
Majority of the poor are landless labourers who earn their livelihood
through subsistence agriculture.
Brief About Bidar District
Bidar is a charming district- one of its charms
being a very bracing climate practically throughout the district
and for the greater part of the year. April and may are the hot
months, but even during this hot weather period, the heat is often
broken by sharp and sudden thunder showers. By early June the
south-west monsoon sets in with all its pleasant coolness and
the weather is back to its bracing glory. The cold weather is
never too cold and the rainfall is never excessive though its
excessive variation is often the cause, symptom and malaise of
severe droughts. One other aspect of its charm is that it is full
of history- every village and town being replete with monuments,
legends, stories of velour, romance of beautiful princesses, long
forgotten battles, feuding military adventurers and even of social
reform movements that shook the very foundation and structure
of medieval Hinduism
Almost 700 kilometers from Bangalore, Bidar lies
at the farthest north-eastern corner of Karnataka. Bifurcated
and truncated during the re-organisation of states in 1956, it
is only a fraction of its vast expanse in the erstwhile state
of Hyderabad.
Present day Bidar covering an expanse of 5448
square kilometers of land lies between 17 o 35 !! and 18o 25!!
North latitudes and 760 42!! minutes and 770 39!! east longitudes,
with the districts of Nizamabad and Medak in Andhra Pradesh on
the East and the districts of Nanded and Osmanabad in Maharashtra
on the west. On the south lies the district of Gulbarga of Karnataka.
This central position in the Deccan had for long imparted to Bidar,
the pre-eminent position in the history of the Deccan though to-day
it presents a picture of centuries of neglect and ruin.
Geology
The entire district forms a part of the Deccan Plateau and
is made up mostly of solidified lava. The northern part of the
district is characterized by expanses of level and treeless surface
punctuated here and there by flat and undulating hillocks, black
soils and basaltic rocks. The southern half of the district is
a high plateau about 715 m above mean sea level and are well drained.
The average elevation of the district is between 580 to 610 m
above mean sea level. Alluvial deposit is normally found along
the banks of the Manjra river and its main tributaries.
The district is entirely covered by the Deccan
trap flows of the tertiary period. The Deccan trap is composed
of horizontal flows of basaltic lava. They generally form flat-topped
hillocks and terrace-like features. The physical characteristics
of individual flows show considerable variations. Some flows are
hard and massive while others are weathered, soft and friable.
This character has resulted in terraced landscape, suddenly ending
in escarpments. The traps are seen generally 618 m above mean
sea level. These are jointed and show the characteristics of spherical
weathering leaving massive hard cores. Columnar jointing is predominantly
developed in these rocks, besides horizontal joints, which impart
to the rocks bedded appearance. The top layers of the Deccan trap
in parts of Bidar and Humnabad taluk are altered to reddish vesicular
laterite, forming and extensive undulating plateau.
The minerals found in the area are Bauxite, Kaolin
and Red ochre. A deposit of highly siliceous bauxite clay has
been located about three kilometers south of Basavakalyan. Similar
deposits are noticed near Alwal and Kamthana Villages of Bidar
taluk. A large deposit of Kaolin is located near Kamthana village.
Red ochre deposits are found near Sirsi and Aurad Village.
Soils
Two types of soils founds in the district are Lateritic red
soil and black cotton soil. Aurad and Bhalki taluks have mainly
black cotton soil. Bidar and Humnabad taluks have mainly lateritic
red soil. Basavakalyan taluk has both types of soils.
HISTORY
231 B.C The Satavahanas who were ruling at Paithan as vassals
of Mauryas proclaimed independence. They ruled over Dakshinapatha
for about four centuries and a half. The Vakatakas dominated the
Deccan.
345 A.D Kadambas rose to power Vaijayanti (Banavasi)
was their capital and palasika (Halsi) a second capital Sindas
of Ranjeru- Attale nadu
545 A.D Pulakesin I established chalukya power.
He made vatapi( the Modern Badami) his capital
753 A.D Rashtrakuta Prince Danti Durga proclaimed
him self the sovereign power in the Deccan. Manyakheta(Malkhed)
was their Capital, jain temple at Kambithana(Kamthana)
913 A.D Rashtrakuta Karka 11 was dethroned by
the Chalukya, Taila II, Taila's success was the beginning of the
Chalukyan empire of Kalyani. 1042-68A.D Someshwara I removed the
capital from Manyakheta to Kalyani
1075 A.D Kakatiya Beta II received Sabbinadu
from Chalukyas.
26th February 1077 Coronation of Vikramaditya
VI started Chalukya Vikrama Varsha Jalsangi Temple
1154 A.D Kalchuri Bijjala became the Mahapradhana
to Taila III.
1155 A.D Bijjala Started carrying on the administration
in the name of Taila III.
1157 A.D Kalachuri Bijjala assumed full imperial
titles.
1162 A.D After the death of Baladeva, Basaveshwara
was Minister to Bijjala. Allamaprabhu ascended sunya pitha in
the anubhava mantapa
1167 A.D Bijjala abdicated the throne in favour
of his son somideva or someshvara.
1181 A.D Somesvara IV the son of Chalukya Taila
III became ruler after sweeping away the last remnants of Kalchuri
power.
1188 A.D Yadava Bhillama seized Kalyana. The
Kakatiyas also gained some territory of chalukyan empire as a
result of the final dissolution of Chalukyan hegemony.
1270 A.D Yadava mahadeva was forced to surrender
Bedadakota (Bidar) which was annexed to the Kakatiya Kingdom.
Sinda Bhairava assisted Kakatiyas in the struggle
1318 A.D Badarkot (Bidar) and other places were
ceded to Khusrau Khan
1320 A.D Kakatiya pratap rudra reoccupied Badarkot
and other places.
1322 A.D Bidar Town which was on the frontier
of Telingana and Baswakalyan forts were taken by Ulugh Khan(Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq)
who was then a prince. Those town fort were left incharge of trust
worthy officers with strong garrison.
1336 A.D The Vijaynagara empire founded.
1341 A.D Muhammad Bin Tughluq honoured Shihab-Ud-Din
of Multan with the litle Nusrat Khan and conferred on him the
Government of Bidar( One of the aqlims or provinces) with its
dependencies on the condition that he should pay a revenue of
one Crore of rupees annually into the kings treasury.
1345 A.D As Nusrat Khan could not fulfil the
condition, he was expelled. Sadah Amirs (who were revenue collectors
as well as military commanders under Mohd. Tughluq) rebelled.
They elected one of their members Ismail Mukh as the sultan of
Deccan. As he was aged, he readily abdicated his charge in favour
of Hasan Gangu.
3rd August 1347 Zafar Khan (Hasan Gangu) was
crowned and assumed the title of Ala-Ud-Din Hasan Bahman Shah
at Daulatabad. He made Gulbarga his capital. Bidar was made a
taraf/province under a governor. The Bidar town began to flourish
as a provincial head quarters.
1358 A.D Azam-I-Humiyun of Bidar who defeated
the Nayaka of warangal was appointed as the Governor of Golconda.
1364 A.D The Kingdom of warangal was finally destroyed by Ahmed
shah
1378-1397 A.D Muhamad II established some schools
for orphans at Bidar.
1396 The Durga Devi Xamam; a famine that lasted
for 12 years and ruined the country between the Godavari and the
Krishna.
1428 A.D On his return from Kherla, Ahmed stayed
in Bidar for some time, where he was struck by its situation and
climate that he decided to build a new city near its ancient fortress
and called it Ahmadabad-Bidar.
1429 A.D Bidar became the new capital. Ahmed
shah wali(1423-1436 A.D) laid the foundations of the Bidar fort.
The construction was completed around 1432 A.D
1436-1458 A.D Ala-Ud-Din Ahmed-II . He built
a large hospital at Bidar and staffed it with expert Muslim and
Hindu physicians.
1453 Mohammed Gawan's arrival at Bidar.
1458-1461A.D Humayun was the sultan. He appointed
mahmud Gawan as the Prime Minister, Commander-in-Chief and governor
of Bijapur.
1461-1463 Nizamud-din-Ahmed II 1463-1482 Muhammad
III Mahmud Gawan. Prime Minister, introduced many reforms, Great
Madarsa of Mahmud Gawan was found by Gawan in 1472 A.D, Goa annexed
to Bahmani Kingdom.
1471-1474 A.D Afanasy Nikitin a Russian Traveler
was in the Deccan including Bidar.
5th April 1481 On the order of the monarch Muhammad
III, mahmud Gawan was beheaded at Kondappalli Camp.
1523 A.D As Bahmani Sultan Alaud-din Shah was
venturing to assert himself, he was dethrouned by Amir Barid.
1538 A.D The Bahamani dynasty faded out of history.
Five smaller states emerged including Barid Shahi dynasty.
1543 A.D Ali Barid assumed royal appellation
of Shah.
1619 A.D The Adil Shah of Bijapur took over Bidar.
1656 A.D The Mughal forces captured Bidar and
Kalyani. Bidar was annexed to the Mughal empire.
1724 A.D Asaf Jahi Dynasty succeeded Mughal rule.
Rule by governors.
1846 A.D Bidar was made the headquarter of a
sadar talukdar (Commissioner)
1867 A.D "Bhalki conspiracy " was the echo of
the great insurrection of 1857-58 in the region.
1891 A.D Govt. school at Bidar was made a High
School.
1905 A.D Bidar was reduced to H.Q of Talluqdar(Collector)
29th August, 1911 The last member of Nizam dyansty
Mir Osman Ali Khan, became the Nizam.
1922 Bidar Dist. Central co-operative Bank came
into existence.
1st July 1932 The Railway line which passes through
the Bidar district was opened for traffic.
17th Sept 1948 The Nizam announced on the radio
about the surrender. The Nizam rule came to an end. Asafia Flag
brought down. The Hyderabad state became a part of the Indian
Union.
1952 Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Abdul Kalam Azad
and Ku. Padmaja Nadu visited Bidar.
1955 Akhil Bharat Veershaiva Mahasabha held its
sammelan at Basavakalyan. Sri Jayachamraj wadeyer, the then Governor
of Mysore State laid the foundation of New Anubhava Mantappa Building.
1956 Vist of Dr. Rajendra Prasad to Bidar. 1st
Novermber
1956 Bidar district along with other districts
of Hyderabad Karnataka became part of Mysore state but only with
four talukas. Basavakalyan Taluka was brought into existence in
1965
21st March 1961 Bidar Shakar Sakkare Karkhana
Ltd., a sugar factory was registered under the Karnataka co-operative
societies act.
1961 B.V. Bhoomaraddi College, First Degree College
started at Bidar.
26th Nov. 1969 B.S.S.K Ltd., at Hallikhed started
its regular production.
1998 SHG movement started in a big way in Bidar
District by DCC Bank Ltd., Bidar.
2002 Naranja Sugar Factory (Under Opt. Sector)
started its regular production.
THE CHALUKYAS OF KALYANA
957 A.D Taila (Tailapa)II Manyakheta
1997 A.D Satyashraya Manyakheta
1008-1014 A.D Vikramaditya V Manyakheta
1014-1015 A.D Ayyana Manyakheta
1015-1044 A.D Jagadekamalla Jayasimha II Manyakheta
1044-1068 A.D Someshvara I (About 1048, Kalyana
was made the metropolis of the kingdom in place of Manyakheta)
1068-1077 A.D Bhuvanaikamalla Someshvara II
1077-1127 A.D Vikramaditya VI
1127-1139A.D Someshvara III
1139-1149 A.D Jagadeka Malla II
1149-1162 A.D Taila III THE KALACHURIYAS
1162-1167/68 A.D Bijjala II
1167-1177 A.D Rayamurari-Sovideva
1177-1180 A.D Sankama II
1180-1183 A.D Rayanarayana Ahavamalla
1182/83-1200A.D Chalukya Someshvara IV
By about 1200A.D Chalukyan Power faded out
