Social,
Environmental & Economic Sustainability
Our analysis of the rank of the district
Backwardness : 284
Sex Ratio Rank : 165
(Rank one is least sex ratio - Cenus 2001)
HIV Category District : C
(HIV Sentinel Surveillance 2004 - 2006)
Disability : 352 (Census 2001)
Literacy Ratio : 455 (Census 2001)
Minority : Does not figure in MCD
Water : Flouride in Groundwater above permissible limits
Challenges of the district : Our research
with local communities
Kaimur is a very backward district. There are no
good roads in our district for commuting to the near by places.
Lack of sanitation is another major challenge we are facing. Due
to lack of toilets and bathrooms people are forced to go in the
open. Women are always at the receiving end.
Non availability of drinking water is also a big challenge faced
by us.
Government should make availability of clean drinking water and
construct toilets.
There are no good hospitals. We are forced to go to big cities for
medical check ups.
Brief About Kaimur District
The district has 14 police stations and covers an area
of about 340447 Hectares, Geographically, the district can be
divided into two parts viz. (i) Hilly area and (ii) Plain area.
The hilly area comprises of Kaimur plateau. The plain area on
the western side is flanked by the rivers The Karmanasha and the
Durgawati. The Kudra river lies on it eastern side. The district
of Buxar of Bihar State and the district of Ghazipur of U.P. State
bound it on the North. On the south is the district of Garhwa
of Jharkhand State and on the West is the district of Chandauli
and Mirjapur of the U.P. State. On the East is district of Rohtas
of Bihar State. The district has close linkage with the history
of Shahabad, which was its parent district also. The old district
of Shahabad had four subdivisions of which Bhabua was one. The
present district of Kaimur has been formed from the whole of this
Bhabua subdivision.
History
Kaimur has an old and interesting history. In pre-historic days
the plateau region of the district has been the abode of the aboriginals
whose chief representatives now are the Bhars, the Cheros and
the Savers. According to some legends, the Kharwars were the original
settlers in the hilly tracts of Rohtas. The Ovaons also claim
that they ruled over the stretch falling between Rohtas and Patna.
One local legend also connects Sasaram the present headquarters
of Rohtas with king Sahasrarjun, who was killed by Saint Parshuram
in a fight.
The district of Kaimur formed part of the mighty Magadh Empire
from 6th century B.C. to 5th century A.D., under the Mauryan and
Gupta rulers of Magadh. In the 7th century A.D., this district
came under the control of Harshawardhan, the ruler of Kannouj.
An inscription in the Mundeshwari temple near Bhabua refers to
the king Udaysena asthe ruling chief of the area. The Seal of
king Sasanka of Guada in Bengal is inscribed at Rohtasgarh in
the district of Rohtas. The famous Chinese pilgrim Huen- tang,
who journeyed through the country in the 7th century A.D., passed
through Arrah, the headquarters of the old Shahabad district through
this region of newly formed Kaimur district. The area of the district
successively came under the rulers of Shail dynasty of central
India and Pal dynasty ofBengal. According to C. Mark, a historian,
the first ruler of Pal dynasty controlled this region. Later on
Chandauli controlled Varanasi-Chandawali and also the Kaimur district
in the 12th century, as confirmed by the Tarachandi inscription
near Sasaram. After the fall of the Guptas the district in all
probability relapsed into the hands of the aboriginal tribes and
came under the control of petty chieftains. The Rajputs who came
from Ujjain, and the province of Mallwa had a series of conflicts
with the aboriginals and it took them many hundred years to subdue
the aboriginal completely. The Census report of 1961 describes
that when Bakhtiar Khiliji attacked Bihar in 1193 A.D., he found
Shahabad in the hands of petty Rajput chiefs often fighting among
themselves. They were not united and strong enough to offer powerful
resistance to the Muslim invaders. Hence Bakhtiyar Khiliji had
an easy victory over them and the district soon became a part
of his kingdom. Later it was annexed, along with the rest of Bihar,
to the kingdom of Jaunpur. A hundred year later, it passed under
the direct control of the Muslim empire of Delhi.
Sher Shah's father, Hassan Khan Sur, got the Jagir of Sasaram.
Later Baler invaded the area in 1529 and has mentioned Hindu superstitions
about river Karmanasha. In 1537 the old Shahabad district witnessed
advancement of Humayun and his subsequent conflict with Sher Shah
at Chausa. Later the district of Shahabad (which includes present
Kaimur district also) was included in Akbar's empire.
In 1758, Shah Alam during his conflict with Lord Clive of East
India Company, went to Durgawati and with the help of local Zamindar
Pahalwan Singh crossed the Karmanasha River. Subsequently Pahalwan
Singh succumbed to comply and live on the latter's terms. In 1764,
the old Shahabad district witnessed conflict for supremacy and
the English became absolute masters of the area after defeating
Siraj-ud-daula in the battle of Buxar. Again the area was shaken
by the rebellion of Raja Chait Singh of Banaras but eventually
the English succeeded in suppressing the revolt.
Lastly the historic 1857 mutiny under command of Kunwar Singh
had its impact in the district. As a result, during the independence
movement the district had a substantial contribution to the freedom
of India. Much after independence in the year 1972 Rohtas district
was formed out of the old Shahabad district and in the year 1991.
The present Kaimur district was formed out of the Rohtas district.
Climate
The climate of the district is somewhat extreme in nature, i.e.,
quite hot during the summer and fairly cold during the winter.
January is the coldest month when the mean minimum temperature
comes down to approximately 4 degree C.. The temperature starts
rising from March and reaches its peak in May when the mercury
touches about 450C. Rain starts sometime in mid June and lasts
till mid September. The district gets easterly winds from June
to September, and from October to May wind direction reverses.
Maximum rains occur during the months of July and August (289
mm). Sometimes winter rains occur in Jan-February.
River
Originating from the Kaimur hills, the river Karmanasha passes
through Mirzapur district of U.P. and forms the western boundary
of the district for about 170 Kms. The river Kudra, which forms
eastern boundary separating Rohtas district, is a branch of the
river Dhoba rising in Kaimur Plateau South-West of Tilauthu, and
ultimately joins the river Karmanasha. The River Durgawati originates
from Kaimur hills and flows in the northern direction. It is joined
by the Kudra River before it merges finally into the river Karmanasha.
The river Durgawati is perennial in nature and inundates a large
area of land during heavy rains.
Forest
The alluvial plain extending up to the foothills of Kaimur ranges
is extensively cultivated. Rice, wheat, pulses are the chief crops
and the area is dotted with bamboo clumps and mango orchards.
The Forests found in the Kaimur hills have suffered indiscriminate
felling of trees in the recent past. The plateau is generally
covered with long grasses, viz. Kush and khas. Sal trees of poor
quality and vast stretches of bamboo are also found. Firewood,
Tendu leaf and Chiraunji are the important forest products.
The number of fauna and game birds has gone down considerably
with the increase in the area of cultivation due to increase in
irrigation facilities.
Irrigation
Durgawati and the Karmanasha rivers are the perennial sources
of surface water. A high level canal from Indrapuri (Dehri) has
been irrigating the southern parts of this district. The canal
is about 84 Kms long and irrigates about 34000 hectares of land
during Kharif season and about 9000 hectares of land during Rabi
season. The southern part of Kaimur district has a number of canal
systems such as Durgawati Main Canal, Garachaube canal etc.
In the hilly tracts of Adhaura, Chainpur and Bhagwanpur blocks,
only ditches and ponds are used to conserve rainwater. New techniques
of water conservation and harvesting practices are needed in plain
as well as these hilly areas to utilise rainwater. Reservoir tanks
can store water from hill streams and rivulets especially when
"Hathia" rain falls, which also provide irrigation during
Rabi season. Water table in the plain areas is low and high yielding
tube wells can sustain at a depth of 70-100 meters whereas small
tube wells may get the aquifer zone within 25-30 meters depth.
The normal depth of water table is 5-10 meters in winters and
up to 15 meters in summers.
Land Use Pattern
Out of the total geographical area of the Kaimur district 31.22
% is covered by the forest, mainly in Adhaura, Chainpur and Bhagwanpur
blocks. Paddy, Wheat, Barley and Maize are the main cereal crops
of the district. Among pulses, gram occupies the maximum area
of cultivation, followed by Mansur, Arhar, Moong and Urod. Sugar
cane and potatoes are the main cash crops.
Timber, Bamboo, Firewood, Chiraunji and Kendu leaf are the main
forest produce while the minor produce consists of honey, and
fodder grass.
Mines and Minerals
Sands of the Durgawati and the Kudra River are exploited as building
material. The hilly tracts of Kaimur ranges are a part of very
old Vindhyan system of mountains; hence, there is possibility
of limestone, sulpher and pyretic iron ores to be found here.
The mineral wealth needs more study and is yet to be explored
properly.
Industrialisation
The district is scantily industrialised. A few private rice mills,
however, are found here mainly in Mohania Subdivision. Mohania
block in credited with a DRDA sponsored Dairy and a BSTDC hotel
known as, the Kaimur Hotel.
NH 2 (G.T. Road) crosses through the center of the district from
Karmanasha to Kudra for about 50 km. NH 30 originates from it
near Mohania and connects this district with the capital Patna
via Arah. Apart from these, there are also a few State Highways
in the district.
Transport Facilities
Mohania Block is situated on Gaya-Mughalsarai Section
of Grand Chord Railway line; the railway station is called Bhabua
Road. The district headquarter is located at a distance of 14
Kms southward from the railway station or the G.T. Road.
Commerce
Banarasi Sari, Silk, Kaleen, Dari and Agricultural produces are
the main articles, which are traded in and out of the district.
Electricity and Energy
Pusauli power station is being constructed at a distance of 8-10
Kms form the Sub-divisional Headquarters of Mohania. The possibility
of tapping solar energy is also great in the district.
KEY STATISTICS OF DISTRICT
Establishment - 1991
Road Communication
1. Pucca Road - 771.99 Km.
2. Kacha Road - 1255.19 km
Railway
No. of Railway Station - 07
Post-Office
1. No. of Post-office - 120 2. No. of Telegram office - 09
Agriculture Data
(a) Land distribution.
1. Total geographical area - 340441 Hec.
2. Net area under cultivation - 176734 Hec.
3. Current fallow land - 17304 Hec
4. Area under forest - 106300 Hec.
5. Area under non-agricultural use - 2598 Hec.
6. Other area under non-agricultural use - 37505 Hec.
(b) Irrigation
1. Irrigated area 71794 Hec.
2. Irrigation area presenters of Net area - 40%
3. Source wise Irrigation area
(i) Govt. Tube well - 1307 Hec.
(ii) Private Tube well - 8676 Hec.
(iii) Canal - 55743 Hec.
(iv) Other source - 6068 Hec.
(c) Cropping Pattern
1. Crop area Sown under two or three - 114683
2. Present's of net area sown under two or three crop - 64.89%
3. Total crop area - 291417 Hec.
(d) Five main crop area
1. Paddy - 111000 Hec.
2. Wheat - 67688 Hec.
3. Dalhan - 72431 Hec.
4. Telhan - 12086 Hec.
5. Maze - 1445 Hec.
e) Fertilizer (Ton) - Total
use - 24.423
(f) Agricultural tools -
1. No. of Tractors. - 1240 2. No. of Pump set - 9401
(g) Cattle
1. Plough cattle - 133360 2.
Dairy cattle -
(i) Cow - 65636
(ii) Buffalo - 95822 3-
Other - 110356 4-
No. of Poultry - 82539 Industry
Industry
1. No. of Major Industry - Nil
2. No. of small scale industry -
669 Market
1. No. of current Market. - 10
2. No. of cooperative Market - 178
3. No. of current hat/ weekly market - 22
4. No. of cooperative society or agricultural dept. seed Bhandar
- 09
Population (As per Census
2001)
Total Population
(a) Rural Population - 1243068
(b) Urban Population - 41507
(c) Total Male - 673556
(d) Total Female - 611019
(f) Sex Ratio {Total female per 1000 male} 907
(g) Working Percentage 34.41 %·
Male 47.07 %·
Female 20.45 %
Literacy - Person - 570260 (56%)
Male - 381298 (71%)
Female - 188962 (39%)
