Social,
Environmental & Economic Sustainability
Our analysis of the rank of the district
Backwardness : 94
Sex Ratio Rank : 424
(Rank one is least sex ratio - Cenus 2001)
HIV Category District : A
(HIV Sentinel Surveillance 2004 -2006)
Disability : 73 (Census 2001)
Literacy Ratio : 549 (Census 2001)
Minority : Does not figure in MCD
Water : Flouride in Groundwater above permissible limits
Challenges of the district : Our research with local communities
Development of farmers and animal welfare society.
We face challenges in getting quality education, agriculture and
drinking water. For the past fifteen years we are facing draught
frequently and this has left many farmers helpless and unemployed.
In our district about 40% of the population migrates to work as
a laborer. Around 40% of the children are not even going to school.
Brief About Mahbubnagar District
Mahabunagar is southern district of Hyderabad state under Nizam
and bordered with River Krishna in the south and surrounded by
the Nalgonda, Hyderabad, Kurnool, Raichur and Gulbarga districts.
Mahabubnagar town is located at a distance of 96-km from Hyderabad.
This place was formerly known as "Rukmammapeta" and
"Palamooru". The name was changed to Mahabubnagar on
4th December 1890, in honour of Mir Mahbub Ali Khan Asaf Jah VI,
the Nizam of Hyderabad (1869-1911 AD). It has been the headquarters
of the district since 1883 AD. The Mahabubnagar region was once
known as Cholawadi or the land of the Cholas'. It is said that
the famous Golconda diamonds including famous "KOHINOOR"
diamond came from Mahabubnagar district.
History
Telangana forms the core of the Satavahana Dynasty
(221BC-218 AD), Part of Chalukyan Dynasty in South India (between
5th and 11th century AD) and in the recent history, it formed
the core of the Golconda State and Hyderabad State, ruled by Qutub
Shahi Dynasty (1520-1687) and Dynasty (Asaf Jahi Dynasty) (1724-1948)
until it was taken over by New Delhi in 1948. This region became
independent and joined in the democratic India on 18th September
1948. Telangana constitutes 10 districts: Adilabad, Karimnagar,
Nizamabad, Medak, Warangal, Khammam, Hyderabad, Rangareddy, Nalgonda,
and Mahabubnagar districts.
Mahabunagar is southern district of Hyderabad
state under Nizam and bordered with River Krishna in the south
and surrounded by the Nalgonda, Hyderabad, Kurnool, Raichur and
Gulbarga districts. Mahabubnagar town is located at a distance
of 96-km from Hyderabad.
This place was formerly known as "Rukmammapeta"
and "Palamooru". The name was changed to Mahabubnagar
on 4th December 1890, in honour of Mir Mahbub Ali Khan Asaf Jah
VI, the Nizam of Hyderabad (1869-1911 AD). It has been the headquarters
of the district since 1883 AD. The Mahabubnagar region was once
known as Cholawadi or the land of the Cholas'. It is said that
the famous Golconda diamonds including famous "KOHINOOR"
diamond came from Mahabubnagar district.
It is very hard to understand the history of
Palamoor as this region was always neglected by the rulers. And
for most of the time, this region was ruled by very small regional
rulers, Samasthans, Jamindars, Doras or land lords. More over,
majority of Palamoor people always lived in poverty and slavery
and Recording of History was never a priority. Nobody neither
knows about their history nor they want to know it. Even today
the people of this region struggle all their life for basic needs.
History of this region can be understood by the
dynasties ruled this region and the historical maps of India below.
Asoka's Kingdom - This region was southernmost
land in the Asoka's Empire in 250 BC (See the maps).
Satavahana Dynasty (221BC-218 AD)
Chalukyan Dynasty in South India (between 5th and 11th century
AD)
Rashtrakutas Dynasty - Ruled for a brief period in 9th Century
Kakatiya Dynasty (1100-1474 AD)
Bahamanis Dynasty (1347 - 1518)
Qutub Shahi Dynasty (1518-1687)
Moghul Rule - Aurangazeb, the Mughal emperor, invaded Golconda
in A.D.1687 and annexed it to the Mughal empire. Since then, Golconda
became part of the Deccan Subha and a Nizam was appointed as an
agent of the Mughal emperor. Thus, for about a period of 35 years
it was ruled by the Moghuls, the last one being Mubariz Khan.
Nizam Dynasty (Asif Jahi Dynasty) (1724-1948) - This dynasty acquired
enormous wealth and lived most extravagant and lavish life for
that time. Nizam VII was the richest man on the earth in his time.
He was also awarded as "Faithfull Ally of British".
Though people suffered, they left behind lot of well known landmarks,
rich treasures, art, lavish food style and rich culture.
Time line of Telangana Region from 1800 AD
See this region in - Historical Maps of India
from 650 BC to 1947 AD
Palamoor Samsthans:
Palamoor Samasthans tell us the recent history
of some parts of this region, which are still familiar to Palamoor
people.
The origin of the Rajas of Hindu Samasthans in
the Nizam's Dominion goes back to the time of the ancient Hindu
Kingdom of Warangal. They were mostly Zamindars and military chiefs
who established their authority over the surrounding territories.
They were known as Paligars and their territories, Palayams. There
were about sixteen Samasthans, which survived till Independence.
Some of the important Samasthans in this region were Wanaparthi,
Gadwal, Jetprole, Amarchinta, Palvancha, Gopalpet, Gurugunta,
Kollapur and Anagundi. The Rajas of the Samasthans were progressive
and managed the administration well.
1. THE GADWAL SAMASTHAN:This
is situated between the rivers Tungabhadra and Krishna over an
area of about 800 sq.miles. After the fall of the Warangal Andhra
dynasty in the 14th century, Gadwal transferred its allegiance
to the new Bahmani kingdom. According to the family history, Pedda
Veera Reddy, Peddanna Bhupaludu, Sarga Reddy, Veera Reddy and
Kumara Veera Reddy ruled Gadwal between 1553 and 1704.
During the reign of Nizam Ali Khan Asaf Jah II,
the Martha's gained power in certain parts of the Deccan and started
collecting 'chouth' or 25% of the revenue known, as 'Do-Amli'
are the double government of the Nizam. Raja Sitaram Bhupal died
in 1840 and was succeeded by his adopted son, Raja Sitaram Bhupal
II. Nizam VII bestowed on him the title of "Maharaja"
and he died in 1924 and was survived by his widow and two daughters.
2. WANAPARTHI SAMASTHAN: This
is situated in Mahboobnagar district with an area of about 640
sq.miles. The Rajas of the Samasthans were closely associated
with the QtubShahi kings. The early Rajas of Wanaparthi kept on
army of 2000 infantry and 2000 cavalry. On 17th March 1843, the
title of "Balwant" was conferred on Raja Rameshwar Rao
as a mark of honour by Sikander Jah. For administrative purposes
the Samasthan was divided into two taluqas namely "sugar"
and "Kesampet" under to Tahsildars. The "Maharaja"
died on 22nd November 1922. He was survived by two sons, Krishna
Dev Rao and Ram Dev Rao. Recently this family represented in the
Indian government after Independence.
3. THE SAMASTHAN OF JETPROLE:
It was one of the most ancient and historic Samasthans in the
dominion. It is said that Pillalamarri Bethala Reddy was the founder
of not only the Jetprole family but also the families of the rajas
of Bobbili in Ganjam District, Pittapore (now Pittapuram in Godavari
District, Malleshwaram in Krishna District and Venkatagiri in
Nellore District. The young Raja was given the ruling power by
the Nizam when he ascended the 'Gaddi' he dropped his name of
Navanita Krishna Yachandra and adopted that of Raja Venkat Laxman
Rao Bahadur. The Raja died in 1929 leaving two daughters and his
Rani.
4.THE AMARCHINTA SAMASTHAN:
The Amarchinta Samasthan had an area of about 190 sq.miles in
Mahabubnagar District. One of the descendants of the family, Raja
Sriram Bhupal, died and was survived by his wife. She was accepted
as the lawful successor to the Samasthan. Amarchinta Samasthan
was noted for fine muslin.
5. KOLLAPUR SAMASTHAN: Kollapur
smasthan with a large area spanning most of the nallamala forest
area on the banks of river Krishna. There are traces of architectural
tressures from 2nd century B.C. in this samasthan. Still you can
see hundreds of ancient temples, which were built before 1500
years ago. Kollapur Samasthan played a considerable role in Nizam's
era.
